Projects in Thailand

Investigators:

International Mentors:Trainee visiting temple in Thailand
Asst. Prof. Dr. Kowit Nambunmee, PhD, M.Sc.
Dr. Siriwan Kantisin, PhD
Mae Fah Luang University, School of Health Science, Urban Safety Innovation Research Group (USIR)
 
University of Michigan Mentor:
University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences

Candidates at the Masters and PhD levels are welcome to apply for a placement at this site.

Urban Safety Innovation Research Group, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand

The Urban Safety Innovation Research Group (USIR) brings together multidisciplinary
researchers to address urbanization-related challenges. By 2050, nearly 70% of the global
population will live in cities, requiring significant preparation. Chiang Rai, located at the border
of Thailand, Myanmar, and Laos, is a diverse city expected to grow by 20% by 2030, raising
concerns about urban expansion.

Our research focuses on three key areas: infrastructure development, health risk screening, and
urban management. In infrastructure, we work on universal design, transportation safety
guidelines, healthy office environments, workplace assessments, and indoor air quality. For
health risk screening, we develop tools for insecticide exposure, non-communicable diseases
(NCDs), and chemical exposure from industries. Urban management focuses on understanding
human perception of accidents and identifying government strategies for better city planning.
Each year, we select research topics to address these urban challenges, with our team of
experienced researchers sharing their expertise with interns and fellows.

For summer 2025, there are up to two placements available at this site. For each placement listed below, trainees may select from several projects listed with the investigator. In your application, please specify which project(s) you are most interested in.

Placement 1: Projects with Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kowit Nambunmee  

Project 1: Insecticide Exposure Screening Innovation for Rural Farmers: 

Farmers in Thailand face a significant health risk due to exposure to insecticides during their
agricultural activities. Traditional screening methods are often inaccessible to rural communities,
limiting early detection and management of exposure. This project aims to address this challenge
by developing a novel biotechnology-based innovation for rapid and affordable insecticide
screening in agricultural products. The innovation will be designed to reduce the time, cost, and
transportation barriers associated with current screening methods. By leveraging advanced
biotechnology techniques, we aim to create a user-friendly and scalable solution that can be easily
deployed in rural areas.

The project will involve:

  • Prototype development: Designing and constructing a functional prototype of the
    screening device.
  • Laboratory testing and validation: Conducting rigorous testing to ensure the accuracy.
  • Field trials: Evaluating the performance of the device in real-world agricultural settings.

Trainees will play a crucial role in the project by:

  • Assisting with laboratory experiments: Contributing to the design and execution of
    experiments to test the effectiveness of the screening technology.
  • Analyzing data: Analyzing experimental data to evaluate the performance of the device.
  • Preparing research reports: Helping to prepare research reports for publication in
    academic journals.

This placement will provide valuable hands-on experience in biotechnology research and
development, as well as opportunities to contribute to scientific publications.

Suggested literature for the project:

  1. Forté, C. A., Colacino, J., Polemi, K., Guytingco, A., Peraino, N. J., Jindaphong, S., Kaviya, T.,
    Westrick, J., Neitzel, R., & Nambunmee, K. (2021). Pesticide exposure and adverse health
    effects associated with farmwork in Northern Thailand. Journal of Occupational Health,
    63(1), e12222. https://doi.org/10.1002/1348-9585.12222
  2. Nambunmee, K., Kawiya, T., Neitzel, R. L., & Seeprasert, P. (2021). Pesticide Spraying and Reduced Cholinesterase Activity among Hill Tribe Farmers in Thailand. Journal of Health & Pollution, 11(31), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.5696/2156-9614-11.31.210908
  3. Niroj Chartpoj, Nuanpan Kitirath, Siwat Sibua, Kowit Nambunmee, Tharinya Kaviya, Supakit Khacha-ananda. Effectiveness Evaluation of Insecticide Exposure Screening Among Farmers in Pa Tueng Subdistrict, Mae Chan District, Chiang Rai Province, Thailand (S3E026). Proceeding of The 1st International Conference on Science and Technology 2023 (21-22 February 2023) Page 1095-1101.

Project 2: The Agricultural and Health Consequences of Cadmium Contamination in Mae Sot, Thailand 

This project involves finalizing a manuscript that has already been drafted. The manuscript is a
review of cadmium contamination in the environment of Mae Sot District, Tak Province,
Thailand. Mae Sot is well-known for rice production, but cadmium contamination has limited
farmers' ability to grow rice. Additionally, this contamination has caused various health issues.
Our previous studies have identified significant effects on bone and kidney health in the local
population. The trainee's role will be to assist in wrapping up the manuscript, which will
summarize the current situation in Mae Sot and share our findings and experiences. As part of
this project, the trainee will gain valuable experience in the process of submitting a
manuscript to an academic journal.

Trainees will play a crucial role in the project by:

  • Assisting in finalizing the manuscript draft, ensuring clarity and completeness.
  • Summarizing key findings related to cadmium contamination in Mae Sot District, including
    its environmental impact and health outcomes.
  • Helping to organize and present research data, particularly on the effects of cadmium on bone
    and kidney health.
  • Reviewing and editing sections of the manuscript for grammar, style, and structure.
  • Collaborating with the research team to integrate feedback into the final draft.
  •  Preparing the manuscript for submission to an academic journal by following journal
    guidelines.
  • Gaining hands-on experience in the academic publishing process, from manuscript
    refinement to submission

Suggested literature for the project: 

  1. Nambunmee K, Honda R, Nishijo M, Swaddiwudhipong W, Nakagawa H, Ruangyuttikarn W.
    Bone resorption acceleration and calcium reabsorption impairment in a Thai population with
    high cadmium exposure. Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods. 2010:7-13.
  2. Limpatanachote P, Swaddiwudhipong W, Nishijo M, Honda R, Mahasakpan P, Nambunmee K,
    Ruangyuttikarn W. Cadmium-Exposed Population in Mae Sot District, Tak Province: 4 Bone
    Mineral Density in Persons with High Cadmium Exposure. J Med Assoc Thai. 2010; 93(12):
    1451-1457.
  3. Ruangyuttikarn W, Panyamoon A, Nambunmee K, Honda R, Swaddiwudhipong W and Nishijo
    M. Use of the kidney injury molecule-1 as a biomarker for early detection of renal tubular
    dysfunction in a population chronically exposed to cadmium in the environment.
    SpringerPlus 2013, 2:533
  4. Nishijo M, Suwazono Y, Ruangyuttikarn W, Nambunmee K, Swaddiwudhipong W, Nogawa K,
    et al. Risk assessment for Thai population: benchmark dose of urinary and blood cadmium levels for renal effects by hybrid approach of inhabitants living in polluted and non-polluted areas in Thailand. BMC Public Health. 2014; 14(1): 702.
  5. Nambunmee K, Swaddiwudhipong W, Ruangyuttikarn W. Fractional excretion of calcium, a sensitive marker for calcium wasting in cadmium-exposed women. Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences. 2016:8(5):302-308.
  6. Nishijo M, Nambunmee K, Suvagandha D, Swaddiwudhipong W, Ruangyuttikarn W, Nishino Y. Gender-Specific Impact of Cadmium Exposure on Bone Metabolism in Older People Living in a Cadmium-Polluted Area in Thailand. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2017;14:401
  7. Rocco, S, Koneva, L, Middleton, L, Thong, T, Solanki, S, Karram, S, Nambunmee, K, Harris, C, Rozek, L, Sartor, M, Shah, Y, Colacino, J. Cadmium exposure inhibits branching morphogenesis and causes alterations consistent with HIF-1α inhibition in human primary breast organoids. Toxicological Sciences. 2018 May 7. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy112.

Project 3: Addressing Cervical Cancer Access Barriers Among Hill Tribe Populations in Thailand

Cervical cancer is a significant public health issue in Thailand, ranking as the second most frequent
cancer causing deaths among women. This project aims to investigate the specific challenges faced
by hill tribe populations in accessing cervical cancer screening and treatment. Hill tribe
communities have unique cultural, social, and geographic characteristics that necessitate tailored
healthcare interventions. By understanding the barriers to cervical cancer care within these
communities, we can develop targeted strategies to improve outcomes and reduce the burden of
disease.

Objectives

  1. Identify key barriers: Determine the primary factors that prevent hill tribe women from
    accessing cervical cancer screening and treatment.
  2. Assess healthcare service availability: Evaluate the availability and accessibility of
    cervical cancer screening and treatment services in hill tribe regions.
  3. Develop targeted interventions: Propose evidence-based interventions to address
    identified barriers and improve healthcare access.

Methodology

  1. Data collection: Utilize qualitative and quantitative research methods, including surveys,
    interviews, and focus groups, to gather data from hill tribe women and healthcare
    providers.
  2. Data analysis: Employ appropriate statistical techniques to analyze quantitative data and
    thematic analysis for qualitative data.
  3. Manuscript drafting: Prepare a research manuscript for publication in an academic
    journal, outlining the findings, implications, and recommendations.

Trainees will play a crucial role in the project by: 

  • Assisting with data analysis: Learning and applying data analysis techniques to analyze
    quantitative and qualitative data.Contributing to manuscript drafting: Participating in the writing process, including
    literature review, results interpretation, and discussion.
  • Gaining hands-on experience: Experiencing the unique challenges and opportunities of
    working in hill tribe communities.
  • Participating in workshops: Attending data analysis workshops to enhance their skills
    and knowledge.

Suggested literature for the project:

  1. Sophaphan Intahphuak, Kowit Nambunmee, Patita Kuipiaphum. Factors Influence on Pap Test
    Screening among Lahu Hill Tribe Women in Remote Area Thailand. Asian Pacific J Cancer
    Prev. 2021;22(7):2243-2249. doi:10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.7.2243

Project 4: Developing Guidelines for Electric Car Fire Extinguishing in Thailand

The rapid increase in the number of electric vehicles on Thai roads has created a pressing need for
guidelines on fire prevention and extinguishment for police and government staff. This project
aims to develop comprehensive guidelines that address the unique challenges posed by electric car
fires, ensuring the safety of both responders and the public.

Methodology

  1. Literature review: Conduct a thorough review of existing research on electric vehicle
    fires, firefighting techniques, and safety standards.
  2. Case study analysis: Analyze case studies of electric vehicle fires in Thailand and other
    countries to identify common patterns and challenges.
  3. Expert consultation: Consult with experts in electric vehicle technology, firefighting,
    and safety to gather insights and recommendations.
  4. Field testing: Conduct field tests to evaluate the effectiveness of different firefighting
    techniques and equipment on electric vehicles.
  5. Drafting of guidelines: Develop comprehensive guidelines that incorporate the findings
    of the research and consultations.

Trainees will play a crucial role in this project by: 

  • Conducting literature reviews: Searching for relevant research articles and studies on
    electric vehicle fires.
  • Analyzing case studies: Examining case studies to identify trends and patterns.
  • Assisting with field tests: Participating in field experiments to evaluate firefighting
    techniques.
  • Contributing to guideline development: Helping to draft and refine the guidelines
    based on research findings.

Expected Outcomes

  1. Comprehensive guidelines: The development of clear and actionable guidelines for
    police and government staff on electric vehicle fire prevention and extinguishment.
  2. Enhanced safety: Improved safety for responders and the public by addressing the
    unique challenges posed by electric car fires.
  3. Alignment with international standards: Guidelines that align with global best
    practices for electric vehicle safety.
  4. By participating in this project, interns will gain valuable experience in the field of public safety
    and contribute to the development of essential guidelines for a rapidly growing sector of the
    transportation industry.

Placement 2: Projects with Dr. Siriwan Kantisin

Project 1: Microwave-assisted rice bran oil-based extraction for maximizing the active constituents and would healing properties

Diabetes mellitus is associated with poor wound healing due to factors like impaired
blood flow, chronic inflammation, and infection risks. Thailand is rich in medicinal plants with
potential healing properties, particularly for skin regeneration and anti-inflammatory benefits.
This study aims to explore specific Thai herbs that may enhance the healing process of diabetic
wounds and validate their efficacy through bioassay testing.

Trainees will play a crucial role in this project by: 

  • Conducting bioassay testing (wound healing assay, anti-oxidant activity, total phenolic and total flavonoid content assay)
  • Preparing the ointment preparation of bioactive in form of nanoencapsulation and stability
    testing

Trainees should be faimliar with:

  1. Anti-oxidant activity, total phenolic and total flavonoid content assay by spectrometry
  2. Formulation of ointment preparation
  3. Stability testing of ointment preparation

Suggested literature for the project: 

  1. Sajadimajd, Soraya, et al. "Herbal nano-ointment containing encapsulated polysaccharide in
    repairing of superficial ulcers." Nanomedicine Journal 11.1 (2024).

Project 2: Urine Metabolomic Profiling in Farmers Exposed to Glyphosate

Glyphosate is one of the most widely used herbicides globally, especially in Thailand.
Metabolomics, the comprehensive analysis of small molecules or metabolites in an organism,
offers a powerful lens to explore the physiological changes resulting from glyphosate exposure.
This approach can reveal alterations in biochemical pathways, offering insights into the
herbicide's mechanisms of action and its potential toxicological effects. The aim of this project is
predict model of metabolic pathway changes and the degradation of metabolites that will occur
in farmers exposed to glyphosate.

Trainees will play a crucial role in the project by: 

  • Collecting sample from farmers and going into the field to share activities with them (Chaing Rai
    province)
  • Analyzing metabolomic profiling in urine (Chiang Mai province)
  • Data analysis
  • Drafting a report

Trainees should be faimilar with: 

  1. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS)
  2. Statistical analysis

Suggested for literature for the project:

  1. Labine, L. M., & Simpson, M. J. (2020). The use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass
    spectrometry (MS)–based metabolomics in environmental exposure assessment. Current
    Opinion in Environmental Science & Health, 15, 7-15.

Additional information about this site: 

Mae Fah Luang University is a public university located in Chiang Rai Province in northern Thailand. Chiang Rai, Thailand’s northernmost province, is part of the Golden Triangle region bordering Laos and Myanmar (Burma). It’s distinguished by its remote hill tribes who live in mountainous terrain accessible by trekking. Chiang Rai City, on the Mae Kok Rive, has a well known night market and the White Temple (Wat Rong Khun), a modern Buddhist shrine with quirky modern sculptures and murals.

Trainees are affiliated with Mae Fah Luang University, and receive support from the MFU Global Relations Division with their non-immigrant education visa application and access to campus. Trainees stay at an apartment complex that is affiliated with Mae Fah Luang University, Regent Mansion.